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'<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial;">專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</span><br />
<br />
每次講解咖啡對健康的影響,都會有人問:速溶咖啡呢?</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="yunwuxin-coffee-1" src="/uploads/allimg/171027/3-1G02GZ210A4.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 399px;" /></span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">問者希望的答案是簡單粗暴的“也一樣”或者“不一樣”。但事實不是如此簡單,原因有二:</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">1、速溶咖啡跟現煮咖啡確實有一定的不同;</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">2、人們所說的“速溶咖啡”,尤其是中國市場上的“速溶咖啡”,跟科學文獻中說的“速溶咖啡”,往往不是一種東西。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">先來說一下咖啡是符合實現“速溶”的。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">咖啡就是咖啡豆的提取物。生的咖啡豆經過165 °C以上的高溫烘焙,發生複雜的反應,會生成許多香味物質。這跟茶的各種“提香”工藝本質相同。烘焙之後的咖啡豆可以直接銷售,在煮之前“現磨”;也可以磨成咖啡粉再銷售,消費者直接使用。不管是哪種,現煮咖啡就是用熱水把咖啡粉中的可溶性物質萃取出來。這跟泡茶其實是一樣的。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">速溶咖啡是用磨好的咖啡粉製取的。現煮咖啡是用開水去萃取,而速溶咖啡用的是高壓熱水,水溫可達175 °C。溫度高,萃取速度會更快,萃取率也會更高。不過,萃取出來的物質組成就跟現煮咖啡會有一些不同。<br />
這些萃取液被脫水乾燥,就得到了可溶的粉末。最簡單的乾燥方式自然是加熱蒸發。不過這種方式操作不便,而加熱過程中會損失掉一部分香味物質。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">在工業上,常用的兩種乾燥方式是真空冷凍乾燥和噴霧乾燥。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">真空冷凍乾燥是二戰中發展成熟的軍用技術,二戰結束後轉向民用,乾燥咖啡粉就是應用之一。這種工藝是把咖啡萃取液凍成冰塊,並且冷凍到零下幾十度。這樣的溫度能夠最大限度地保障咖啡成分不發生變化。這些冷凍成冰的萃取液再被抽真空,冰就直接昇華成氣體,到達另一個容器凍結成冰塊。等到咖啡萃取液中的水幾乎完全昇華,就得到了乾燥的咖啡粉。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">這樣的乾燥方式能夠最大限度地保留咖啡的風味,所以很受歡迎。但是它的缺陷也很明顯——無法進行連續生產,操作不便,成本很高。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">噴霧乾燥正好可以克服這些弊端,應用也就更爲廣泛。這種乾燥方法的原理,是把咖啡萃取液通過一個噴頭,加壓噴成霧狀。霧是一個個的微小液滴。這些小液滴跟乾燥的熱空氣混合,水很快就被蒸發掉了,剩下的咖啡成分就變成了一個個的乾粉顆粒。這些乾粉顆粒落到乾燥塔底,就是成品“可溶咖啡粉”。不過,這些咖啡粉末實在是太細了,放到熱水中“可溶”,但容易“起包”不好分散,所以往往還要採取其他的工藝讓它們聚集成更大的顆粒,才能成爲“速溶咖啡粉”。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">噴霧乾燥工藝流程簡單,可以連續生產,成本相對於冷凍乾燥也明顯要低。但是,噴霧之後接觸的熱空氣溫度很高,相當於咖啡成分又經歷了一次加熱。在這個加熱過程中,咖啡成分之間會發生一些反應,從而改變了風味,此外還有一些揮發性強的香味物質揮發掉了。所以,噴霧乾燥在生產上有很大優勢,但產品品質就不如冷凍乾燥的那麼好。</span></p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">在科學研究中所指的咖啡,是指不加糖不加伴侶的“黑咖啡”;所用的速溶咖啡,就是這樣得到的額“純”的速溶咖啡粉。一般而言,1克速溶咖啡粉加到100毫升開水中,就相當於現煮咖啡的濃度了。在國外,人們說速溶咖啡的時候,一般也就是指這樣沖泡出來的咖啡。與現煮的咖啡相比,它的風味和口感有所不同,不過咖啡中的核心成分——咖啡因和各種多酚化合物,差別並不大。所以,科學研究中所說的咖啡對健康的影響,這樣的速溶咖啡也是適用的。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">不過,在中、韓、日等亞洲國家,這樣的速溶咖啡並不是很受歡迎。人們接觸到的“速溶咖啡”,多數加了糖、植脂末、乳化劑、分散劑等成分。它們實際上是“咖啡飲料混合物”,而“速溶咖啡粉”只是其中的一種成分。比如速溶咖啡粉加植脂末或者糖,成爲“二合一速溶咖啡”。或者植脂末與糖都加,成爲“三合一速溶咖啡”或“1+2速溶咖啡”。這樣的產品中,衝調一杯所用的“一袋”粉一般是15克,其中大約有11克糖和超過2克的脂肪。如果要考慮這種“速溶咖啡”對健康的影響,那麼脂肪和糖纔是主要的因素,咖啡本身反而不是那麼重要了。</span></p>
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'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '13',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '320',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun/waiguokafeixinxi.html',
'total' => 13,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
323 =>
array (
'id' => '323',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '7月資訊',
'dirname' => '7yuezixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 323,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-110764-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://1lo.gafei.com/views-110764' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '110764',
'm' => 'index',
) |